Eli’s Mind

(1) The key steps in the process of Italian unification included the leadership of figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour, the role of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont in leading the movement, the series of wars against Austria, the Congress of Vienna, and the capture of Rome in 1870, which completed the unification.

(2) The key steps in the process of German unification involved the leadership of Otto von Bismarck, the series of wars including the Danish War, Austro-Prussian War, and Franco-Prussian War, the formation of the North German Confederation, the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871, and the role of Prussia in uniting the various German states.