Eli’s Mind

(1) Mercantilism emphasized national wealth through a positive balance of trade, accumulation of precious metals, and state intervention in the economy to boost exports and limit imports.

(2) Wars involving France in the latter half of the seventeenth century were driven by power struggles, territorial disputes, and religious conflicts, resulting in the Treaty of Westphalia and the decline of France’s dominance in Europe.

(3) The War of the Spanish Succession was sparked by the question of who would inherit the Spanish throne, involving major European powers. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 resolved it, reshaping European borders and limiting the power of Bourbon Spain.